The Four Arts Of Freedom Essays - Wayne C. Booth, Ignorance

The Four Arts Of Freedom The Four Arts of Freedom In Wayne C. Booth's essay ?What's Supposed to Be Going on Here he directly challenges what we consider to be a liberal education and proposes a solution based on revamping the ?three r's?. This long-winded look at the mental ignorance of people today offers several interesting insights, as well as Booth's critique of his own proposed solution. Although he admits to having a flawed solution, he does not believe any of the flaws would overthrow his general argument. Booth begins by stating that what we term as ?liberal education? is actually quite the opposite. He implies that while we are being educated to eradicate ignorance, we are in fact becoming more ignorant because we are being taught to use the information we are given ?for social climbing? (55). Booth also states that without knowledge ?we may embrace political programs and schools of art and world views with as much passion as if we knew what we were doing, but our seeming choices are really what other people have imposed upon us? (55). It seems that educated or not, Booth would consider the average person to be ignorant. How can this ignorance be stopped? Booth suggests a revamping of the ?three r's? (reading, ?riting and ?rithmetic). He has proposed another list of r's, which he considers three of the four on his new list to be ?available, in some degree, to every student who is willing to seek them out? (56). The first r is the art of recovery of meanings. In defining this first r, Booth states that it is ?the art of recovering what other people mean and not what we'd like them to mean?(59). While this sounds fairly easy, it is very much the opposite. Booth believes so many of us have fallen into the habit of assuming we listen with an open mind to other people's thoughts and ideas, when in fact we essentially sort the ideas into categories we have already formed in our minds and more often than not use that to invalidate the information we are trying to learn. Zutshi 2 The second r is rejection. Rejection, Booth believes, is something that can be worked on mainly by uneducated minds. We need to be able to discern which ideas can go together and which ones do not. The best example Booth gives of this is: The uneducated mind will accept slogans like ?students are the most exploited class in America today,? even though it also knows that migrant workers and black workers have been immeasurably more exploited and have a right to be insulted by the comparison with affluent middle-class students (62). Although he targets the uneducated mind, Booth does make a point of saying that all of us, educated or not, will have conflicting ideas such as that. However, someone who is educated would be able to notice the conflict in such a statement and work through that. The third r is renewal/renovation. Renewal mainly ties in with rejection. Renewal would come up when the educated man would sit down and rethink his opposing ideas and come up with a new ?renovated? idea that would not be conflicting. Renewal also comes up in discussing the media's role in our education. Rather than just sitting back and absorbing all of the information that is thrown at us on the radio, on the television, and in printed materials, Booth tells us to take a closer look. Education should allow us to ?see our contradictions clearly and, more importantly? (64) should ?teach the methods of bringing contradictions to the surface, of working out genuine harmonies, and of presenting the results persuasively to our fellow man? (64). The final r is revolution. Booth is suggesting an intellectual revolution. Using recovery, rejection and renewal as key factors in education, and intellectual revolution could begin. However, even as clearly defined as Booth has made this solution, there are a few complications he himself has noted. The first would be spending ?too much time trying to get all my ideas clear before I act? (64), which could result in him never acting. The other side of that argument would be to act too rashly. The idea

Learn About Where Polar Bears Live

Learn About Where Polar Bears Live Polar bears are the largest bear species. They can grow to from 8 feet to 11 feet tall and about 8 feet long, and they can weigh in anywhere from 500 pounds to 1,700 pounds. They are easy to recognize due to their white coat and dark eyes and nose. You may have seen polar bears in zoos, but do you know where these iconic marine mammals live in the wild? Knowing can help us help this threatened species survive. There are 19 different populations of polar bears, and all live in the Arctic region. This is the area that is north of the Arctic Circle, which lies at 66 degrees, 32 minutes North latitude. Where to Go If Youre Hoping to See a Polar Bear in the Wild United States (Alaska)Canada, including the provinces and territories of Manitoba, Newfoundland, Labrador, Quebec, Ontario, Nunavut, Northwest Territories, and Yukon Territory)Greenland/DenmarkNorwayRussian Federation Polar bears are native to the countries above and occasionally are found in Iceland. A polar bear range map from the IUCN can be seen to view populations. You can see live footage of polar bears in Manitoba. If you want to see a polar bear in a completely non-native region, you can check out the polar bear camera from the San Diego Zoo. Why Polar Bears Live in Such Cold Areas Polar bears are suited to cold areas because they have thick fur and a layer of fat that is 2 inches to 4 inches thick that keeps them warm despite the frigid temperatures. But the main reason they live in these cold areas is that that is where their  prey  resides. Polar bears feed on ice-loving species, such as seals (ringed and bearded seals are their favorites), and sometimes walruses and whales. They stalk their prey by waiting patiently near holes in the ice. This is where the seals surface, and therefore where the polar bears can hunt. Sometimes they swim below the ice to hunt, directly in the freezing water. They can spend time on land and not just on ice banks, so long as there is access to food. They can also sniff out where seal dens are for another means to find food. They need the fat from the seals to survive and prefer these types of high-fat creatures. The range of polar bears is limited by the southern extent of sea ice. This is why we commonly hear about their habitats being threatened; less ice, fewer places to thrive. Ice is essential for the survival of polar bears. They are a species that is threatened by global warming. You can help polar bears in small ways by reducing your carbon footprint with activities such as walking, riding a bike or using public transportation instead of driving; combining errands so that you use your car less; conserving energy and water, and buying items locally to cut down on the environmental impacts of transportation.

Global consumer culture is a beguiling illusion and a gangerous Essay

Global consumer culture is a beguiling illusion and a gangerous fiction for the marketing manager - Essay Example The Association of Qualitative Research has defined consumer culture as: â€Å"Consumer culture suggests that consumption - the act of buying goods or services - is a cultural activity, one imbued with meaning and driven not just by practical or economic factors. Mapping and exploring the business implications of these cultural meanings is one of the principal functions of qualitative market research.† By reviewing the above definition we can conclude that cultural values directly influence the consumption patterns of buyers. Therefore, in order to create a global consumer culture it is essential to carry out an in-depth investigation and research of the local traditions, customs, language, heritage, norms, values and ethics of target foreign market in order to maximize the opportunities of success and minimize the risks of failure. In this way, the process of globalization will meet the standards of localization. GLOBAL CONSUMER CULTURE: Since late 20th century the world has become a global village. Due to faster means of communication, rapid advancement in technology, easy means of transportation and increased international business transactions; the barriers between cultural and regional boundaries are almost eliminated. Over the years the religious and cultural tolerance among various societies has increased dramatically and people no longer resist living in metropolitan cities where people from different countries, cultures, societies and political backgrounds live together. ... Due to faster means of communication, rapid advancement in technology, easy means of transportation and increased international business transactions; the barriers between cultural and regional boundaries are almost eliminated. Over the years the religious and cultural tolerance among various societies has increased dramatically and people no longer resist living in metropolitan cities where people from different countries, ethnicity, cultures, religions, societies and political backgrounds live together to form one large society which has colors of many sub-cultures. However, on one hand the idea of global village has played an important role to remove the differences among various segments of society and to provide equal opportunities to everyone irrespective of cast, color, creed, sex or background. But on the other hand, the concept of universal culture is very dangerous as it completely ignores the concept of â€Å"nationalism† and the religious and cultural values the sh apes up the national identity of the people in different countries. Therefore, marketers need to weigh the pros and cons of entering the foreign market and the barriers to their success. D. ADVANTAGES OF GLOBAL CONSUMER CULTURE: According to Scott Gay, (2006) â€Å"a global consumer is the product of cultural convergence spearheaded by industrialized nations† because the customer choices are becoming alike due to the phenomenon of global village. Globalization offers many advantages to the manufacturers who have potential to market their products on international scale and give their brands a global presence. However, every product can’t have global impact. For instance; a farmer in Asia can produce wide range of products by full capacity

Literature Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Literature Review - Essay Example Illustrations are also given in the article such as how to attract viewers by personalizing the sites with music, pictures and information. As a reader, this article - although it is short and written simply – interests and excites me because of the way the writer expresses his ideas. The tips and examples given are really informative and useful. The second article is also written by Richard Lowe, Jr.; it is entitled â€Å"Web site Design: Who is your audience?†. The article intends to scrutinize the arguments propounded by the writer in defining the group audience expected to view the site. The article is written in an informal style and is a clearly understandable piece of work. The objective of the article is for the new web designers and creators, as well as for the old amateur web designers, to be on familiar terms with their audience. The article is presented with tips and example of the possible procedures. What makes it more interesting is that the explanations and the evidences written in the article are based on the author’s own experience since the author is the Webmaster of the Internet Tips And Secrets. The examples and contents are well developed, organized and structured; the framework is also explained clearly. Therefore, as a reader, the tips are pretty interesting since the discussion concerns the contemporary issues like the quality and attraction and of websites; subjects that are in demand at the moment. â€Å"Don’t lose visitors because of poor site design†, the article written by Tony Murtagih, is the third article I wish to review. The intention of the article is to help people in avoiding common mistakes that novice as well as expert designers make. The clearly stated article and the simple, informal writing is addressed to the entire website designer. The main aspects of the article include how website design influences the visitors to stay browsing within a website. The writer, Tony Murtagih, who has ten years of experience in

Conflict of cultures in the middle east Term Paper

Conflict of cultures in the middle east - Term Paper Example The Israel held the mentality that the Palestinian land belonged to them and were determined to repossess the land and demarcate boundaries. On the other hand, the Arabs were the original inhabitants and had occupied the largest portion of the land centuries before. The conflict emerged when Jews attempted to acquire the Palestine land and the Arabs were meant to believe that this was a dispossession process that aimed at eliminating them. From a critical point of view, the motive of the Jews was marred by aggressive selfishness and displacing the original inhabitants was inappropriate. Therefore, this essay seeks to reveal the origin of the conflict and to provide a recommendation for resolution of the conflict. The history of the Middle East conflict can be dated back to the colonial period when the Palestine land comprised part of the Ottoman Empire. At that time, the Arabs, who comprised of Muslims and Christians, occupied the land although there was evidence of existence of immigrant Jews who largely occupied Jerusalem, Hebron, and Tiberia, cities that had religious significance to this group. However, there was evidence that by the end of the end of the 19th century, the Ottoman Empire would be collapsing and the colonial rule would melt away (Podeh, 22-37). At this time, most groups in the world were busy gathering together to establish states that they could live under self-rule. Majority of the people occupied the land that they possessed at that particular time, although expansionism was still evidenced as countries fought for the control of land. The Israelites were among â€Å"the landless people† who were also busy searching for a space that they could call their own (Tou val 8). Evidently, the Jews were dispersed across the Middle East and they risked losing their identity at a time when land was becoming an important issue across the world. Israel, just like any other group, decided to join in the search for an identity. During this

Studying X-ray Binary Systems

Studying X-ray Binary Systems 1.0 Mission overview (0.5 pages max.) In response to the recent XMM Mission, relating to a mission of studying X-ray binary systems, The XMM-Newton mission helped scientists in solving a numerous cosmic mysteries, starting from the enigmatic black holes to the details about the origins of the Universe. Observation time on XMM-Newton is provided to the scientific community, which is applying for observatory periods. The proposed orbit details provide an order of magnitude lower particle background than those of other missions like Chandra and XMM-Newton, which would allow the detailed study and analysis of low-surface-brightness diffuse objects. This proposed mission will be advancement on previous studies by the improvement in capabilities with response to scientific developments of the last few years and would match well with the goals set out in the recent call for ideas on x-ray observations. It can be also possible to increase the focal length of used micropore optics, which improves the high-energy response curve, hence this mission would thus be very highly significant in scientific and technological steps beyond Chandra/XMM-Newton and would serve important and timely inputs for the next upcoming generation of huge X-ray observatories like XEUS and Con-X planned for the upcoming years 2015-2025 horizons. This proposed next generation mission focuses on Image restoration technique as well as ultra high photon imaging using the concepts of morphological Image processing and enhancing image quality. All software and electronic hardware scientific research like VLSI design, SoC design are taken care in digital signal proc essing of the Image. The proposed mission is called N-XMM Mission (Next Generation XMM Mission). That comprises solutions for next generation imaging devices. 1.1 Instruments European Ultra high Photon Imaging Camera (EUPIC) The MOS CCDs, EEV type 22, have 600 x 600 pixels, each 40 microns square; they are frame-transfer devices and front illuminated. One pixel covers 1.1† with Image restoration technique. This instrument would work upon the quality of image capturing (i.e. Ultra high quality) and initial Image Rendering Reflection Grating Spectrometer (RGS) – It contains 182 identical types of gratings. The gratings are supposed to be mounted at grazing incidence into the in-plane or classical configuration, where both the incident as well as diffracted X-rays lies in a plane that is perpendicular (900 angle) to the grating grooves. This instrument is helpful in spectrum sensing and processing of X-rays as well as determines the elemental composition of specimen that is to be analysed Optical Monitor (OM) The Optical/UV Monitor Telescope is mounted on the mirror support platform alongside the X-ray mirror module devices. It can provide coverage from 170 650 nm of that central 17 arc minute square region of the X-ray field, thus permitting routine multi-wavelength analysis and observations of Multi Mirror targets simultaneously in X-ray as well as UV/optical bands of frequency. This instrument helps in sensing simultaneous bands of energy waves that can be used for further analysis and can be digitally processed using SoC electronic devices in between only. 1.2 Mirror The main mirror of the telescope will be Deployable Mirror. This will allow the spectral instruments to achieve resolutions from 0.000005032 arcseconds to 0.005032 arcseconds in the optical region of the spectrum. 1.3 Cooling System The cooling system on board will be Passive, to achieve a temperature of 470 Kelvin. The minimum operating temperature required by the instruments is 40 Kelvin. 1.4 Comments? (max. 50 words) Cooling System is taken Passive because the satellite has a mass of 50 kg and passive cooling is best for mass of 50 kg of for EUPIC, RGS and OM with a temperature of 470 Kelvin R = 1.22 (lambda/D) where, R is resolution, lambda is the wavelength and wavelength for x-rays are ranging from 0.01nm to 10nm and D=0.5m. 2.0 Mass budget The total mass of the satellite will be 73 kg. The breakdown of the individual components is given below: Mass budget Satellite Structure: 50 kg Mirror: 3 kg Cooling System: 20 kg Instruments: 0 kg Total Satellite mass: 73 kg 2.1 Orbit Selection The satellite will observe from Lower Earth Orbit, at a distance of Less Than Thousand kms from Earth. The orbital period will be 90-100 minutes, and the maximum fuel lifetime for maintaining such an orbit is 10 years. The mission duration will therefore be 5 years. 2.2 Launch vehicle and site To reach orbit, the satellite will be launched on a Soyuz, operated by Roscosmos (Russia), from Baikonur, Russia. The maximum capacity of this launch vehicle is 8 t. 2.3 Comments? (max. 50 words) LEO Taken because it is having a desired launch cost and supports every cryogenic and passive cooling systems 3.0 Financial budget The total cost of the mission will be 257 million, broken down over the following areas: Cost breakdown Satellite Structure: 100 million Mirror: 12 million Cooling System: 5 million Instruments: Development cost: 117 million Launch cost: 120 million Ground control cost: 20 million Operations cost: 140 million Total mission cost: 357 million 3.1 Comments? (max. 50 words) Now advancement is required in image restoration techniques, morphological kind of image processing techniques and SAS analysis of DATA. In all these fields new software’s can be made and used for clearer details. 4.0 Technical Scientific Justification X-ray physics astronomy in space depends on the focusing of X-ray photons by low-angle scattering from fine shaped shells. In most of the cases this kind of optics contains two sets of nested concentric shells with their shapes identical and similar to sections of different cones. Two grazing-incidence scatters would result in focusing of the X-rays on the shell axis. The previous ESAs XMM-Newton mission had three mirror modules with outer diameter 70 cm, that too each having 58 nested shells that would be focusing on the X-rays onto CCD detectors some distance of 7m from the mirrors. XMM is in a highly eccentric orbit having apogee distance 114000km, perigee distance 7000km and inclination angle 39à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ °. In this highly eccentric orbit, it is exposed to fluxes of electrons and ions of various high energies from Magnetospheric and Heliospheric sources. Big Data sets used for the analysis of different mission-critical engineering problems were produced by various scientific missions (IMP, SOHO, ACE, Equator-S, ISEE) which would never anticipate such applications N-XMM has its own on-board radiation monitor similar to that we had in X-NMM, to which there can be an early resistance in the project preparation. It would be an important resource on the spacecraft; Spacecraft operators would have a keen interest in the state of the space weather and hence would certainly use the predictions of particle enhancements. N-XMM wouldinclude the following types of science instrument: European Ultra high Photon Imaging Camera (EUPIC) 3 CCD cameras are used for X-ray imaging, high resolution spectroscopy, and X-ray photometry; XMM-Newtoncarries 2 MOS cameras and one pn. The gratings change the direction of about half of the telescope incident flux to the RGS detectors so that about approx. 44% of the original incoming flux sets to the MOS (Motor only sync) cameras. The EUPIC instrument at the focus point of the third X-ray telescope with an highly energised unobstructed beam; uses pn CCDs and hence is directed to as the pn camera. The EUPIC cameras perform task of extremely sensitive imaging analysis over the telescope’s field of view (FOV) of 25 arcmin and in the energy ranging from 0.11 to 24 keV with moderate spectral density (E/ΔE ~ 20-50). All EUPIC CCDs operates in photon counting mode with a fixed frequency and mode dependent frame read-out frequency Reflection Grating Spectrometer (RGS) Contains two very identical spectrometers for the purpose of high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy as well as spectro-photometry. Optical Monitor (OM) – Used for optical imaging, UV imaging and grism spectroscopy Comparison: XMM-Newton 6 15 0.15 15 4650b 40 Chandra 0.2 0.5 0.1 10 800 50 N-XMM 3.5 7 0.1 24 400 1.3 4.1 Figures/Diagrams/Tables for Technical Scientific Justification Figure.1 – Payload Design Figure.2 – Mechanical Design of XMM-OM Telescope Figure.3 – Schematic view of available orbits. Figure.4 – Images Taken by LASCO and EIT Figure.5 Optical Design of RGS Transmitter: Frequency range 2200 .. 2290 MHz Antenna output transmitting power +36 dBm (+2 dBm / 0 dBm) Transmitter modulation BPSK 4 Mbps Power consumption à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ £30 W Receiver: Frequency range 2025 .. 2110 MHz Frequency 2058 MHz holding range à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ±100kHz Error bit rate Less than10-6@–105 dBm Receiver demodulation BPSK 256 kbps Power consumption à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ £3 W Receiver sensitivity -105 dBm min @ error bit rate = 10-6 Antenna: Polarization circular/ RHC Covering Hemispherical Power max. 40dBm CW Impedance 50à ¯Ã‚ - Operational temperature -40 ° †¦ +120 °C Uplink frequency range 2025 †¦ 2110 MHz Downlink frequency range 2200†¦2290 MHz

A Comparison between Madame Bovary and The Awakening Essay -- comparis

Similarities Between Madame Bovary and The Awakening      Ã‚   Centuries ago, in France, Gustave Flaubert wrote Madame Bovary. In 1899, Kate Chopin wrote The Awakening. The years cannot separate the books, and the definite similarities that the two show. Madame Bovary is the story of a woman who is not content with her life, and searches for ways to get away from the torture she lives everyday. The Awakening, much like Bovary, features a woman who is unhappy with her life, and wishes to find new adventures. The two books bear very strong similarities to each other, and the plots are almost exactly the same, though there are some subtle differences.    Set in two old cities in France, Emma Bovary, the main character in the first book, is not content with her life. She lives in a small town with a husband who is a well off doctor. She is not like many other women though; early in her life, her father sends her to a convent type school so that she can have an education away from the other less desirable parts of society. She is totally sheltered in this holy world. The only glimpse of the world outside the church walls is the one she experiences through romance novels. These books disillusion her and distort her view of the world. She believes that life should be a continuous fantasy in which she spends her life in constant ecstasy, like the women in her novels. "Why couldn't she be leaning her elbow on the balcony of a Swiss cottage with a husband dressed in a black velvet suit with long coattails, soft boots, a pointed hat, and elegant cuffs." (60) She is so dissatisfied with her life that she cannot see that she might have happine ss, if she only tries to contribute to it. On the other side of the coin, Edna, of The Awake... ...ssics. The question can never be asked of the authors; the similarities can merely only be discussed.       Works Cited and Consulted: Auerbach, Eric "Madame Bovary." In B.F. Bart (ed.), Madame Bovary and the Critics (pp 132-143). New York: New York University Press. 1966. Brombert, Victor. The Novels of Gustav Flaubert: A Study of Themes and Techniques. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 1966 Chopin,   Kate.   The Awakening.   Ed. Margo Culley.   New York:   W.W. Norton, 1994. Flaubert, Gustav. Madame Bovary (Lowell Bair, trans.). New York: Bantam Books 1996 Seyersted, Per, and Emily Toth, eds.   A Kate Chopin Miscellany.   Natchitoches:  Ã‚   Northwestern State University Press, 1979. Tillett, Margaret. "On Reading Madame Bovary." In B.F. Bart (ed.), Madame Bovary and the Critics (pp 1-25). New York: New York University Press. 1966